
Originally Posted by
starjasmine
I had this talk with my accountant years ago. I was self-employed for over 20 years both in the music business and as a consultant for another industry. For most of that time I ran two businesses (music and other) as a sole proprietor. I filed one set of tax returns with multiple sources of income, and I itemized all my deductions for both businesses. Your country (and in the US your state and local taxation laws/authorities) affect this, but here's what I know for California residents. I am NOT a tax pro, so check with your OWN tax pro for definitive answers to any questions the following might raise.
1) Is that true for teachers too?
Yes. As long as it's a real business with a profit motive, you can write off expenses against income. If you are someone's employee it's not the same as running your own business. In that situation, you ask your employer to reimburse your expenses, just as if you were a salesman for Fender who takes a business trip to NAMM. Exception: all California middle-school teachers (art, political science, whatever) can deduct some amount of out-of-pocket expenses for classroom supplies on their state tax form; e.g. crayons, construction paper, whatever. IDK the details in detail, as they don't apply to me but it's a new law that passed recently. I'm sure you can find out more on the interwebs.
2) Is there a minimum revenue amount that a person has to bring in as a pro or teacher?
Basically, you have to make enough to pay taxes. That could be in conjunction with another job. If you meet the requirements to file a return, then there is no minimum amount that a particular job or business on that return has to bring in, but in general you can't deduct more than you earn. This can get a bit tricky, because it is possible for a valid business to have startup costs that exceed revenues, and it's possible for an established business to have a down year where they take a loss instead of make a profit. Here's where you really need the expert opinion of an accountant who is licensed in your locale and knows those rules definitively.
3) Can one deduct gear purchased before they become a pro or teacher?
Yes and no. There's a way to amortize the cost of gear over time, say an amp you bought a year before you went into business playing gigs or teaching lessons with that amp, and something you bought ten years beforehand might be trickier, but not impossible. The downside to doing this is that you effectively declare equipment worthless after it has been fully depreciated against your income. And using gear for business means that it is NOT covered by your homeowners' policy or your auto policy. So if your axe gets stolen from your trunk and you have not insured it specifically with a separate business policy or musical instrument policy, you are pretty much SOL for collecting any reimbursement from your insurer. Musical instrument policies are hella expensive, especially for expensive gear. You got a Steinway D in your living room that you play for fun? That might be worth insuring on a special instrument policy, and it's definitely worth finding out whether your homeowners policy excludes musical instruments that are non-business personal property. Generally the cost of a policy on a nice guitar will cost you the value of the guitar itself long before the guitar ceases to exist. So just take good care of your guitars and don't take chances with them.
4)Does pro player or teacher have to be your sole or primary job?
No. You can, for example, be a W2 employee of the Sticky Wicket Corporation and teach/gig on the side as a 1099 self-employed individual. As long as you are treating it like a real business, especially if you make enough profit to pay taxes on the income from that business, you can write off picks, strings, guitars, tubes, lessons, pencils, papers, you name it... and by "treating it like a real business" I mean that it meets the majority of the Federal tests for a valid self-employment situation, including making your services available to the general public, actively seeking new business, advertising, keeping records of income and expenses, having appropriate licenses (you don't need a license to teach guitar but having a business license will legitimize your business a bit more), being financially responsible for the success or failure of the business (i.e. you get paid on milestone/per lesson/per gig, not just for showing up), and a bunch of others I don't recall off the top. You can look that up online too. Basically, the bottom line is that your attempts to operate as a business and itemize your expenses need to stand up to an IRS or state (or both) audit.
HTH
SJ
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